Which of the following conditions is primarily associated with excessive pronation?

Excessive pronation is a condition where the foot rolls inward more than normal during movement, and it can lead to various foot and lower limb complications. Plantar fasciitis is primarily associated with excessive pronation because this condition places an increased strain on the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of the foot.

When the foot excessively pronates, it alters the biomechanics of the lower extremities. This alteration affects the way weight is distributed across the arch and heel, leading to overstretching or irritation of the plantar fascia. As a result, individuals with excessive pronation often experience pain and inflammation in the heel or arch area, characteristic of plantar fasciitis.

In contrast, while the other conditions mentioned may have some relationship to foot mechanics, they are not primarily attributed to excessive pronation. For example, Morton's neuroma involves a nerve issue between the toes, Achilles tendinitis primarily relates to tightness or strain in the tendon usually influenced by repetitive stress and biomechanics, and metatarsalgia involves pain in the ball of the foot that can arise from various issues including excessive pressure rather than excessive pronation alone. Each of these conditions can have multifactorial causes, but plantar fasciitis is distinctly noted