The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament instrument is used to assess which condition?

The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament instrument is specifically designed to assess sensory perception, particularly related to neuropathy. It comprises a series of nylon filaments that apply a standardized amount of pressure when they contact the skin. When assessing patients, particularly those with diabetes, the presence of neuropathy is evaluated by determining the threshold at which the patient can detect the pressure from the monofilament on various parts of the foot.

This assessment is critical in identifying patients at risk for foot ulcers and other complications related to decreased sensory perception. While circulatory issues and diabetes are related conditions that may be assessed in conjunction, the primary function of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament is to evaluate the sensory component associated with neuropathy. Therefore, the focus on neuropathy makes it the most accurate answer to the question posed.